Replication: The Technology Transfer Problem

Steve Fiori on the SCISP listserv called the list’s attention to a blog post by David Funder, a research psychologist at UC Riverside.  Funder’s post discusses a recent NSF workshop that took up the issue of replication of research results. This issue goes to the heart of a claim about research science–that published findings are generally reliable. But as is becoming clear, peer review is not doing an adequate job in screening publications. And, really, why should it do more than catch bits of problem with argument? How can a reviewer check the raw data, or the analysis tools, or the actual conditions of the experiment, or the other data, from the other experiments and analysis, that’s not reported?

One can also ask researchers to be “ethical” and “diligent” and “smart.” Like Feynman, we can ask researchers not to fool themselves, and then be conventionally honest with the rest of us. But that, too, doesn’t appear to be working. Perhaps it is too easy for us to fool ourselves that we have not fooled ourselves. Continue reading

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Feynman on Research Reporting

Richard Feynman, in “Cargo Cult Science,” talks of an “utter honesty” required in science (my bold):

It’s a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty–a kind of leaning over backwards. For example, if you’re doing an experiment, you should report everything that you think might make it invalid–not only what you think is right about it: other causes that could possibly explain your results; and things you thought of that you’ve eliminated by some other experiment, and how they worked–to make sure the other fellow can tell they have been eliminated.

Details that could throw doubt on your interpretation must be given, if you know them. You must do the best you can–if you know anything at all wrong, or possibly wrong–to explain it. If you make a theory, for example, and advertise it, or put it out, then you must also put down all the facts that disagree with it, as well as those that agree with it. There is also a more subtle problem. When you have put a lot of ideas together to make an elaborate theory, you want to make sure, when explaining what it fits, that those things it fits are not just the things that gave you the idea for the theory; but that the finished theory makes something else come out right, in addition.

In summary, the idea is to give all of the information to help others to judge the value of your contribution; not just the information that leads to judgement in one particular direction or another.

Why is not this same “utter honesty” practiced by officials who promote scientific research at universities? In the absence of such honesty, states should be auditing university officials’ claims for truth content, and for what has been selectively withheld, or conveniently neglected. If the theory is that more federal and state funding of continually expanding university research creates economic prosperity, then let’s see the whole data set for the past 35 years.

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Shocking, Isn't It?

That last post pulled a set of things together. Let’s break them out as shorter pieces for folks with less time to read.

A Utah state audit found that the University of Utah had inflated its economic development figures.

USTAR, hailed as an engine for innovation, has exaggerated — by thousands — the number of jobs it has created and inflated — by millions — the amount of money it has brought in, a new audit says.

In a hearing in January 2014, a state senator had this to say (my bold):

State Senator Scott Jenkins (Republican – Plain City) sharply criticized the program. Jenkins said that a “culture of untruth and lies (has) come out of this group. You’ve presented us with ROI figures that were wrong. You’ve personally, not the current chair, but previous ones have personally lobbied me and fed me, literally, with food and other untruths that I feel somewhat offended about because it’s turned out that they’re not right. And it wasn’t one year or one report, it was a series of years and a series of reports and I believe to some extent that this has been a culture that has been generated to prop up USTAR and make it look good.” “If I was an investor right now today, I think I’d probably still pull my money out,” Jenkins said.

Want to see my shocked face?

Posted in Bozonet, Metrics, Technology Transfer | 1 Comment

The Paradise of University Rhetoric About Science and Innovation

Ian Sample, writing for The Guardian’s ShortcutsBlog, describes how MIT grad students in 2005 created a “fake science report” generator that produced bogus scientific articles for presentation at conferences. Now anyone can download the generator:

But this is the hoax that keeps on giving. The creators of the automatic nonsense generator, Jeremy Stribling, Dan Aguayo and Maxwell Krohn, have made the SCIgen program free to download. And scientists have been using it in their droves. This week, Nature reported, French researcher Cyril Labbé revealed that 16 gobbledegook papers created by SCIgen had been used by German academic publisher Springer. More than 100 more fake SCIgen papers were published by the US Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Both organisations have now taken steps to remove the papers.

Maxim Lott at Fox News follows up with a further account.

It may be that there is “intense pressure” to publish, but where is the “intense pressure” to get it right? to contribute to the advance of knowledge rather than to one’s own career and political position within a university culture?  One can rush to judgment and argue that the success of these hoaxes indicates that the peer review system is flawed. But even if the peer review system is flawed (and surely it is), there is more to it: there is too much money chasing academics for their published output and their travel budgets. I also wonder if there is also simply too much uncaring money chasing research activities. Continue reading

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More Bayh-Dole Nonsense

In the “Innovation U 2.0” report, we find the now expectable misrepresentation of the Bayh-Dole Act:

Following the passage of the Bayh-Dole legislation in 1980 every US university had the responsibility–and new opportunities–to work with faculty innovators in assessing the commercial potential of their inventions, protecting the intellectual property embedded therein, and developing commercialization paths for the faculty invention.

This is nonsense. Bayh-Dole created no such responsibility. Any compliance pertained only to federal funding agreements, not all faculty work. The compliance consisted in delegating authority to research personal to protect government interests, educating faculty on the importance of reporting inventions, and timely reporting inventions to the government. That’s about it for the responsibility.

As for the institutional role in “protecting” intellectual property, that too is nonsense. Continue reading

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Ouroboros Innovation Advocacy

SSTI just sent out a note about a new report by Louis G. Tornatzky and Elaine C. Redeout, “Innovation U 2.0 Reinventing University Roles in a Knowledge Economy.” After a brief read through it, I’m left puzzled. Perhaps this note in the Foreword by Scott Doron captures the sense (my bold):

Dr. Lou Tornatzky and his colleagues–fueled not by remuneration, but by an intense belief in the economic power of universities–should be commended for their dedication and quality product.

I have no reason to doubt the authors’ dedication. What I don’t find, however, in the descriptions of the twelve universities chosen to illustrate the economic power of universities is any account of the cost of the programs or their actual impact on the economy. Continue reading

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What do the hawks say?

What do the hawks say?

You know, parody is a permissible fair use.

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Be Advocates for the Doers

Universities prior to Bayh-Dole generally pushed invention management to external agents. These agents took on the expense, the complexity, the competitive issues, and the liability. These agents allowed universities to avoid direct conflicts of interest between managing the research environment and communicating with the public on the one hand, and on the other having a financial interest in the activities of companies and having the ability to manipulate activities such as startups in order to create the appearance of success in research programs. Once a university has a direct financial interest in exclusively licensed technology, how can the university be trusted to regulate the research environment? Or to ask for full data on the activities of agents and companies taking exclusive control of faculty-created research assets? Once a university is able to create startup companies by fiat, how can anyone know whether the university administrators aren’t “cooking the books” to snooker the public with the idea that their research programs are highly productive when the facts on the ground are otherwise?

Instead of spending more money on university administrations to do something they clearly don’t do very well, and which undermines their public position, why not ask university administrators to get out of the technology speculation business, simplify their operations, and focus on instruction and research?

Bayh-Dole was passed on the strength of productivity metrics drawn from external agent practice. Continue reading

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The secret student "investment" in technology transfer

About a month ago, I wrote a couple of essays on the Brookings report “University Start-ups: Critical for Improving Technology Transfer.” The Brookings report thinks that university administrators starting and investing in companies is a really keen idea, especially if governments throw money in where private investors have no interest. It is possible, however, that even a horribly flawed argument can end up with recommendations that have some value. Let’s see if that’s the case here. In this addendum, I look at a sentence in the Brookings Report that I can support:

These technology transfer offices (TTOs) are costly to the university.

University TTOs are often expensive to operate. Continue reading

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Another Thing That Can Go Wrong With HR 3309

Are you tracking the anti-troll legislation making its way through Congress? Chris Gallagher has been doing that, and some of you are no doubt on his mailing list with updates. If you are an administrator at a university, and you are responsible for patent licensing, and you are not following this legislation, then here is a wake-up call.

Under the proposed bills, such as HR 3309 and S. 1013, the prevailing party in a patent infringement case brought by a non-operating entity or patent “troll” can recover its costs from the “non-prevailing” party. Continue reading

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