It's all so very natural

Finding reasons for ownership of inventions is especially important for organizations. Organizations do not have impulses. Organizations are not passionate. Organizations are fictional persons, golems, creatures of legal incorporation. They may own, act, and carry liability, but they don’t think and don’t do anything on their own urge. Those with executive authority take actions for the organization. They are the ones with passions, urges, thoughts, and concerns. If an organization is not to invest its executives with following their urges, then it is rather necessary for there to be reasons for an organization to act.

If things aren’t thought out, then the reasons take the form of a later rationale–anything that sounds good will do. If things are thought out, then the reasons represent the motives and purposes and logic that give rise to the organization’s action. That is, policies are based on reasoning such that if the reasoning changes, then the policy should also change to reflect the reasoning. Sounds reasonable enough, though we all know that this is not how policy in organizations generally works. Once a policy is in place, whatever the motivation, those who draw their authority from the policy aren’t disposed to see things undone or changed in a way that would diminish their standing.

If we look at an organization’s innovation policies, we can expect that reasons will be one of these two forms–justifications or reasons. Continue reading

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Five reasons why you may want to work with your university IP office

While I’m not taken with compulsory ownership IP systems for American universities, there are still really good reasons to work with a university IP office, and even to want a university to own your IP. It’s all about choice, capability, and opportunity.

1. Set the tone for your team

If you put your IP with the university, you set an example for others in your research team. Continue reading

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Ten ways to deal with a university compulsory IP ownership program

Most US universities have now moved to compulsory ownership IP policies. This is a huge mistake and is damaging American innovation and subverting the rationale for the federal government to promote university research. We will deal later with why compulsory university IP programs are bad for research innovation; how the arguments given don’t hold up; and why the evidence for “success” doesn’t support the claims being made. We will also go after limitations and fallacies of compulsory ownership IP policy for research innovation.

Here, however, the focus is on how to avoid or mitigate the claims of compulsory IP ownership programs.

For any given approach proposed here, you will have to check the details of your university’s IP policy, your employment agreement, and any funding agreements that support work. If you can, decide early to keep good things out if they need to be out, before you make things that carry ownership claims—especially inventions, software, data, and prototypes. Once you see the strategy, the particular choice of implementation should be pretty clear.

What follows is not legal advice. Get that from your attorney. Keep in mind that attorneys at a university don’t typically imagine that they work for faculty or staff employees. They tend to work for senior administration.

We will develop each of these strategies in more detail in later posts. For now, here’s the list and for each, a brief statement of strategy.

Continue reading

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It just doesn't get any better…

University technology transfer programs now routinely advocate for policies under which the university claims ownership of inventions made by faculty and staff, and sometimes students, visiting scholars, and volunteers.  These policies then hand control of these inventions to the university patent licensing office.  There, most inventions die, casualties of patent accumulation, portfolio thinking, lack of resources, narrow operating models, and regulatory overhead.

It’s not like every invention would reach practical application anyway.  Inventiveness does not mean practicality, economy, competitive timing, or imaginative interest.  One invention may be made obsolete by another.  There are many reasons why an invention might not be fully developed.  The idea that there are inventions “just sitting on shelves” at universities is pretty goofy.  Are inventions like dead parrots, pining for the fjords? Continue reading

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Updated Stuff

I have moved the Bayh-Dole Reading Group from Google Groups (where it still sits) to Google Sites, and changed the link over on the right.  I’ve also put the BDRG in a broader context, the Innovation Reading Group.  I aim to add materials to the readings as I have the time.  If you have suggestions, pass them along.   In the BDRG I’ve added a Quick Guide to Bayh-Dole. It’s a pdf document.   It repeats much of what’s gone on here, but in a short, readable set of paragraphs, without a lot of the citations and less of the argumentation.

I have also switched over to Hyper-cache, so I’m hoping that this will improve site performance.

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The urge to tech transfer

Technology transfer refers to the movement of capability from one group to another.  Three conventional forms are from a developed country to a developing country (send in the tractors, there have to be tractors); from one industry to another (wifi on airplanes!); and from research labs to industry (what universities are fixated with).

We can put some qualifications on this list.  First, technology is not so much a commodity as it is phronesis.  That is, it is capability, not product, and that capability is a matter of people doing things they are in control of.  Continue reading

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Assigning the SPRC

Melba Kurman asks in a comment to the previous post that I discuss assignment of the SPRC in more detail. Melba has an interesting blog on university technology management, so check it out here. [The blog has been retired–but for some twitter activity].

When a university accepts a federal grant or contract, it also accepts a patent rights clause as set forth by Bayh-Dole. Bayh-Dole requires federal agencies to contract for inventions in particular ways, by using the Standard Patent Rights Clause (SPRC) or permitted variations. The interest agencies have in inventions made with federal support takes the form of a federal agreement–not directly a matter of statute, but still akin to “federal law”–just that there’s no actual, express requirement that federal agencies enforce the SPRC.

As an agreement, it is also assignable.  Continue reading

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OMG! no OTL required!

An amazing consequence of the Bayh-Dole Act is that no university technology transfer office is required for its implementation.  No OTL, no affiliated research foundation, no nuthin’.   A university can operate perfectly well under standard patent rights clauses by waiving its right to elect to retain title or transferring that interest to other organizations, meet the objectives of Bayh-Dole, and stay out of the patent accumulation and litigation business. Continue reading

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The problem with portfolios

A university-based compulsory system of invention management necessarily imposes institutional claims on innovation. Invention administration comes within institutional requirements for risk management, for contracting, for consistency, and for following policies, no matter how badly conceived and how out of date and how poorly suited to any particular situation. The institutional imperative is to train people to conform, manage for efficiency, and question the need for exceptions.

No matter how talented the licensing office staff, institutional efforts to manage inventions under a compulsory system do a generally poor job. Institutional management of inventions ends up as patent accumulation and portfolio thinking. Continue reading

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Back to the Past

Bayh-Dole applies to federal agencies.  It sets a uniform protocol for how they are to contract with universities for invention rights.   Everything about how Bayh-Dole reaches to universities is by way of agreements and choices.  And it is by agreements and choices that it eventually reaches to individual inventors.

University patent administrators suddenly don’t like this.   They want to twist Bayh-Dole to apply directly to their practices and to inventors.  They want it to be a vesting statute that strips university inventors of ownership and hands that ownership directly to them.  No formalities needed.  No evidence, no notice, no appeal, no compensation, no accountability, no options, no discussion.   That’s some innovation policy.

Continue reading

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